About the Author Acknowledgments 1. The Promise and the Challenge of Classroom Assessment Why This Book? How the Educational World has Changed The Power of Classroom Assessment What is This Book About? The Case of "Understanding Learning and Assessment" Using This Book Ideas for Follow Up 2. Situating Assessment Changes A Brief History of Assessment Looking for Change in all the Wrong Places Rethinking Assessment for Real Change Purpose is Everything Classroom Assessment and Large-Scale Reform Taking Up the Challenge Ideas for Follow Up 3. Assessment of Learning, for Learning, and as Learning Assessment of Learning Assessment for Learning Assessment as Learning Getting the Balance Right Ideas for Follow Up 4. Spotlight on Learning Learning Makes Us Human How People Learn Learning for Understanding Learning is Hard Work Learning Happens in Context Ideas for Follow Up 5. Assessment and Learning How Does Classroom Assessment Contribute to Learning? Assessment as an Integral part of Teaching and Learning Realizing the Power of Assessment to Optimize Learning Ideas for Follow Up 6. Using Assessment to Identify What They "Believe to Be True" "The Case of the Pool Table" Start With What They Believe to be True "The Case of the Blog" Ideas for Follow Up 7. Using Assessment to Motivate Learning Assessment That Motivates Relevant Assessment Imaginative Assessment Assessment that Scaffolds Learning "The Case of Othello" Assessment to Reverse Socialization Ideas for Follow Up 8. Using Assessment to Make Connections Curriculum as Visible Targets for Learning Plan Learning, Plan Assessment, and Expect the Unexpected "The Case of Planned Literacy" Differentiation Ideas for Follow Up 9. Using Assessment to Extend Learning Feedback for Learning Rubrics and Exemplars as Tools "The Case of the Brass Band" Ideas, Connections, and Extensions (ICE) Ideas for Follow Up 10. Using Assessment for Reflection and Self-Regulation "The Case of Jojo" Students as Their Own Best Assessors Developing Self-Regulating Habits of Mind "The Case of Choices" Ideas for Follow Up 11. Getting to Assessment for Optimum Learning It's About Learning, and It's About Time Getting to the Spirit of AFL Requires Conceptual Change Think About What You Believe to be True Learn About Learning Know Your Subject Be an Expert Teacher Work Together in Collaborative Inquiry Don't Give Up, But be Gentile With Yourself Self-Regulation for You Too Get the Support You Need Put it All Together References Index
This is a book for teachers and school leaders on formative assessmentui.e., assessment as learninguwhere assessment occurs throughout the learning process to inform learning as opposed to assessment that occurs at the end of a learning unit to measure what students have learned (summative assessment). Formative assessment emphasizes the role of the student, not only as a contributor to the assessment and learning process, but the critical connector between them.Defines assessment of learning, assessment for learning and assessment as learning, making a case for assessment as learning. Addresses assessment in the context of what learning is Shows how to use formative assessment to motivate student learning, help students make connections so that they move from emergent to proficient, extend their learning and to help them become reflective self-regulators of their own learning Explores how teachers can make the shift to formative assessment by engaging in conceptual change
Lorna M. Earl is a director of Aporia Consulting Ltd. and a retired associate professor from the Department of Theory and Policy Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto. She was the first director of assessment for the Ontario Education Quality and Accountability Office, and she as been a researcher and research director in school districts for over 20 years. Throughout her career, Earl has concentrated her efforts on policy and program evaluations as a vehicle to enhance learning for pupils and for organizations. She has done extensive work in the areas of literacy and the middle years, but has concentrated her efforts on issues related to evaluation of large-scale reform and assessment (large-scale and classroom) in many venues around the world. She has worked extensively in schools and school boards, and has been involved in consultation, research, and staff development with teachers' organizations, ministries of education, school districts, and charitable foundations. Earl holds a doctorate in epidemiology and biostatistics, as well as degrees in education and psychology.